Witnessing domestic abuse, diagnoses, and
antisocial traits among substance users: Relationships relating to sober
support and the global assessment of functioning
Madeline J Schlosser 
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
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Abstract
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Methods
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Results
Results
Demographics
Please see Table 1 for percentages regarding primary drug of choice, marital status, race, employment upon intake, employment upon discharge, and education. Please see Table 2 for means and standard deviations regarding GAF upon intake, discharge, and change, age, number of treatments, number of days of current treatment, and number of dependents. Annual gross income was not reported due to the high percent of missing data (39.9%).
Average
Sober Support
A significant three-way interaction was found between witnessing domestic abuse, psych diagnosis, and ASPD scores as they relate to average sober support, (F(2, 131)=4.07, MSe=3.03, p=.019, r=.24). Further analysis of the cell means (LSD=1.41) revealed that, for those who did not witness domestic abuse during their lifetime and had no psych diagnosis, no difference in sober support was found between those with low and moderate ASPD scores (r =.36), low and high scores (r =.31), or moderate and high scores (r =.07). In addition, for those with a psych diagnosis, no difference was found between those with low and moderate ASPD scores (r =.15), low and high scores (r=.12), or those with moderate and high scores (r =.26). For those who did witness domestic abuse and had no psych diagnosis, a significant difference was found in average sober support between those with low and those with high ASPD scores (r =.51), such that those with high ASPD scores received more sober support. However, no significant difference was found between those with low and moderate ASPD scores (r =.21), or those with moderate and high scores (r =.35). In addition, for those who did have a psych diagnosis, a significant difference in sober support was found between those with low and moderate ASPD scores (r =.41), such that those with low ASPD scores received more sober support. However, no significant differences were found between those with low and high ASPD scores (r =.05), or moderate and high scores (r =.37).
There was not a significant interaction for witnessing domestic abuse by psych diagnosis, (F(1, 131)=.40, MSe=3.03, p=.526, r=.06). Further analysis of the cell means reveals, for those who did not witness domestic abuse, no significant difference in sober support was found between those who did and did not have a psych diagnosis (r=.072). For those who did witness domestic abuse, no significant difference in sober support was found between those who did and did not have a psych diagnosis (r =.043). These result were descriptive for those who had low, moderate, and high ASPD scores.
There was a significant interaction for witnessing domestic abuse and ASPD scores, (F(2, 131)=3.22, MSe=3.03, p=.043, r=.22). Further analysis of the cell means reveal, for those who did not witness domestic abuse, no significant difference in sober support was found between those with low to moderate ASPD scores (r =.12), low to high scores (r =.22), or moderate to high scores (r =.10). For those who did witness domestic abuse, a significant difference was found in sober support between those with moderate and high ASPD scores (r =.36), such that those with high ASPD scores reported more average sobers support than those with moderate scores. However, no significant difference in sober support was found between those with low to moderate (r=.11) and those with low to high (r =.27) ASPD scores. These results were misleading for both those who did and did not have a psych diagnosis such that, for those who did witness domestic abuse, a significant difference in sober support was found between those who had moderate to high ASPD scores, such that those who had high ASPD scores received more sober support than those with moderate scores.
No significant interaction was found between psych diagnosis and ASPD scores (F(2, 131)=.54, MSe=3.03, p=.587, r=.09). Further analysis of the cell means revealed, for those who had no psych diagnosis, no significant differences in sober support was found between those with low to moderate ASPD scores (r =.08), low to high scores (r=.14), or moderate to high scores (r =.22). For those with a psych diagnosis, no significant differences were found in sober support between those with low to moderate ASPD scores (r =.15), low to high scores (r =.08), or moderate to high scores (r =.06). These results were descriptive for those who did not witness domestic abuse. However, the results were misleading for those who did witness domestic abuse, such that for those without a psych diagnosis, no difference in sober support was found between those with low to high ASPD scores, and for those with a psych diagnosis, no significant difference was found for those with low to moderate ASPD scores.
The main effect of psychological diagnosis was not found to be significant, (F(1, 131)=.02, MSe=3.03, p=.883, r=.01). Further analysis of the cell means revealed that, for those who did not witness domestic abuse, these results were descriptive for those with low, moderate, and high ASPD scores. In addition, for those who did witness domestic abuse, these results were also descriptive for those with low, moderate, and high ASPD scores.
The main effect of witnessing domestic violence was not found to be significant, (F(1, 131)=.14, MSe=3.03, p=.707, r=.03). Further analysis of the cell means revealed the results were misleading for those with a psych diagnosis such that a significant difference was found for those with low ASPD scores such that those who did not witness domestic violence reported greater sober support than those who witness domestic violence, while the opposite pattern was found for those with high ASPD scores such that those who witnessed domestic violence reported greater sober support than those who did not witness domestic violence. In addition, the results were also misleading for those who reported a psych diagnosis, such that those who had moderate ASPD scores reported more sober support if they did not witness domestic violence compared to those who did witness domestic violence.
The main effect of ASPD scores was also found not to be significant, (F(2, 131)=.82, MSe=3.03, p=.442, r=.11). For those who reported not witnessing domestic violence, the results were descriptive for both those who did and did not report a psych diagnosis. However, the results were misleading for those who reported witnessing domestic violence and reported no psych diagnosis, such that there was no significant difference between those with low to high ASPD scores. In addition, these results were not descriptive for those who reported witnessing domestic abuse and at least one psych diagnosis, such that there was not a significant difference between those with low to moderate ASPD scores.
GAF
Change
Due to average sober support’s strong relationship to GAF change (r=.49, p<.001), GAF change was examined as a dependent variable as it relates to witnessing domestic abuse, psychological diagnosis, and ASPD scores and the interactions between them.
No significant three-way interaction was found between witnessing domestic abuse, psych diagnosis, and ASPD scores as they relate to GAF change, (F(2, 131)=.24, MSe=173.40, p=.784, r=.06). Further analysis of the cell means (LSD=10.68) revealed that for those who did not witness domestic abuse and had no psych diagnosis, no significant differences in GAF change were found between those with low to moderate ASPD scores (r =.17), low to high scores (r =.09), or moderate to high scores (r =.08). In addition, for those with a psych diagnosis, no significant differences in GAF change were found between those with low to moderate ASPD scores (r =.27), low to high scores (r=.16), or moderate to high scores (r =.12). Furthermore, for those who did witness domestic abuse and reported no psych diagnosis, no significant differences in GAF change were found between those with low to moderate ASPD scores (r =.13), low to high scores (r =.22), or moderate to high scores (r =.09). In addition, for those who did report a psych diagnosis, no significant differences were found in GAF change between those with low to moderate ASPD scores (r =.26), low to high scores (r =.06), or moderate to high scores (r =.21).
No significant interaction was found between witnessing domestic abuse and psych diagnosis as they relate to GAF change, (F(1, 131)=1.12, MSe=173.40, p=.291, r=.09). Further analysis of the cell means reveals, for those who did not witness domestic abuse, no significant difference in sober support was found between those who did and did not have a psych diagnosis (r=.20). For those who did witness domestic abuse, no significant difference in sober support was found between those who did and did not have a psych diagnosis (r=.01). These result were descriptive for those who had low, moderate, and high ASPD scores.
No significant interaction was found between witnessing domestic abuse and ASPD scores, (F(2, 131)=.50, MSe=173.40, p=.609, r=.09). Further analysis of the cell means revealed that for those who did not witness domestic abuse, no significant difference was found in GAF change between those with low to moderate ASPD scores (r=.12), low to high scores (r=.22), or moderate to high scores (r=.10). In addition, for those who did witness domestic abuse, the same pattern was found for those with low to moderate scores (r=.11), low to high scores (r=.27), and moderate to high (r=.36). These results were descriptive for both those with and without a psych diagnosis.
No significant interaction was found between psych diagnosis and ASPD scores as they relate to GAF change, (F(2, 131)=.75, MSe=173.40, p=.474, r=.11). Further analysis of the cell means revealed that for those with no psych diagnosis, no difference in GAF change was found between those with low to moderate ASPD scores (r=.02), low to high scores (r =.07), and moderate to high scores (r =.09). In addition, for those with a psych diagnosis, no difference was found between those with low to moderate scores (r=.27), low to high scores (r =.11), and moderate to high scores (r =.16). These results were descriptive for both those who did and did not witness domestic abuse.
The simple effect of witnessing domestic abuse was not found to be significant, (F(1, 131)=3.35, MSe=173.40, p=.069, r=.16). Further analysis of the cell means revealed that among those who did not have a psych diagnosis, the results were found to be misleading for those with low ASPD scores such that those who did not witness domestic abuse reported a greater GAF change than those who witnessed domestic abuse. For those who reported a psych diagnosis, the results were found to be descriptive of low, moderate, and high ASPD scores.
The simple effect of psych diagnosis was found to not be significant, (F(1, 131)=1.40, MSe=173.40, p=.239, r=.10). Further analysis of the cell means revealed that these results were descriptive for those with low, moderate, and high ASPD scores for both those who did and did not witness domestic abuse.
The simple effect of ASPD scores was not found to be significant, (F(2, 131)=.94, MSe=173.40, p=.394, r=.12). These results were found to be descriptive of those who did and did not witness domestic abuse for both those who did and did not have psych diagnoses.